ENTRE A DEMOCRACIA MILITANTE E O VIGILANTISMO DO CIDADÃO:
USANDO ASSEMBLEIAS DOS CIDADÃOS PARA MANTER PARTIDOS DEMOCRÁTICOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25192/ISSN.1982-0496.RDFD.V.29.II.2806Resumo
O papel essencial dos partidos nas democracias faz deles importantes para mantê-los democráticos. Este artigo defende a classificação baseada nas assembleias dos cidadãos (AC’s) organizadas na e pela sociedade civil para formular standards democráticos para os partidos políticos seguirem, para os aperfeiçoarem e para os criticar publicamente quando se desviam. Este é o terceiro caminho, potencialmente complementar, para manter os partidos democráticos, colocado entre a democracia militante, de um lado, e o vigilantismo do cidadão, do outro. A democracia militante é desafiada pelo fato de que poucos partidos democraticamente problemáticos serem ostensivamente antidemocráticos e, portanto, suscetíveis de se enquadrarem em critérios legais proibitivos de organizações partidárias ou em outras sanções legais. Medidas democráticas militantes são também provavelmente inefetivas e são vulneráveis ao abuso. O vigilantismo do cidadão, através do qual os cidadãos democráticos ativos tomam a responsabilidade de proteger a democracia, lida melhor com a natureza ambígua dos partidos democraticamente problemáticos, mas sofre com a falta de autorização democrática e de padrões claros de crítica. Embora não perfeito, o modelo proposto corrige muitas das deficiências de ambas as abordagens. Contribuindo para uma literatura emergente sobre as AC’s como instrumentos de proteção da democracia, o artigo avalia a justificabilidade normativa, a viabilidade e a provável eficácia do modelo.
Palavras-chave: vigilantismo do cidadão; democracia militante; denúncia e vergonha; regulamento partidário; assembleia de cidadãos baseada em sorteio
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