RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN NORTH AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE: BETWEEN ABSOLUTISTS AND NONPREFERENTIALISTS

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25192/ISSN.1982-0496.RDFD.V.28.N.III.2403

Abstract

This article analyzes the jurisprudence of the US Supreme Court on religious freedom, which takes root in the formation of the United States, and is guaranteed in the First Amendment to the Constitution. Two clauses can be drawn from this Amendment: the Establishment clause, which imposes the separation of state and religion, and the Free exercise clause, which states that the government may not interfere with the religious practices of individuals. In relation to the first, two understandings are identified that interspersed over time: that of the absolutists, in favor of a strict separation between the State and any religious manifestation, and that of the nonpreferentialists, who admit a softer separation between these sectors. The first current predominated over time, but the second has achieved important victories in recent decades, especially in some of the five aspects in which the theme was divided. Basic research methodology was used regarding the purpose, descriptive regarding the objectives, qualitative regarding the approach, and bibliographical regarding the procedure.

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Author Biographies

Sandro Bobrzyk, PUCRS/IBDR

He holds a Doctorate in Law from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul and the University of Granada/ Spain. Master in Law. Specialist in Labor Law and Labor Process from PUCRS, Specialist in Child and Adolescent Law from Fundação Escola Superior do Ministério Público - FMP, MBA in Strategic People Management from FGV, graduated in Legal and Social Sciences from Instituto Cenecista de Ensino Superior of Santo Angelo - IESA. He serves as President of Fundação Irmão José Otão, Associate Professor and Dean of the School of Law at PUCRS, member of the Commission for Children and Adolescents at OAB/RS, member of the Full Board of Trustees of PUCRS, member of the Brazilian Institute of Law and Religion . In the Marist Network, he coordinates the Center for the Promotion of the Rights of Children and Adolescents and the Advisory for the Protection of Children and Adolescents.

Eugênio Facchini Neto, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

He holds a PhD in Comparative Law from the Università Degli Studi di Firenze (1996-2000), a Master’s in Civil Law from the University of São Paulo Law School (1986), a degree in Legal and Social Sciences from the University of Passo Fundo (1978), degree in Social Studies from the University of Passo Fundo (1978). He is currently a full professor (TI) of the undergraduate, masters and doctorate courses in Law at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. He is former director (2004/2005 management) of the Escola Superior da Magistratura / Ajuris. He has experience in the field of Law, with an emphasis on Civil Law and Comparative Law, working mainly on the following topics: civil liability, effectiveness of fundamental rights in private relations, comparative law and comparative judicial systems. Magistrate in Rio Grande do Sul since 1980. He is currently a judge at the Court of Justice of RS.

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Published

20-12-2023

How to Cite

Bobrzyk, S., & Neto, E. F. (2023). RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN NORTH AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE: BETWEEN ABSOLUTISTS AND NONPREFERENTIALISTS. Revista Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia, 28(3), 222–251. https://doi.org/10.25192/ISSN.1982-0496.RDFD.V.28.N.III.2403

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 3 (2023): Fundamental Rights & Democracy Journal

Section

Artigos

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Copyright (c) 2023 Sandro Bobrzyk, Eugênio Facchini

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