DOIS CONCEITOS DE LEGITIMIDADE CONSTITUCIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25192/ISSN.1982-0496.RDFD.V.28.N.II.2609Resumen
O que legitima as constituições? Uma resposta padrão é que as constituições são legítimas apenas se representarem o povo que governa. Este artigo identifica duas concepções diferentes de representação. A representação pode ser fundamentada no consentimento ou na vontade do os cidadãos ou quando a constituição reflete a identidade “real” dos membros da nação. Alternativamente, às vezes afirma-se que a constituição é legítima porque promove justiça ou, mais geralmente, é fundamentada na razão. Enquanto as constituições são tipicamente fundamentadas tanto em reivindicações de representar o povo quanto em reivindicações relativas à justiça e sabedoria de as disposições constitucionais, estabelecemos que existem dois tipos de constituições: constituições que são principalmente representativas (por exemplo, a Constituição dos EUA) e constituições que são principalmente baseadas na razão (por exemplo, a Constituição alemã). Também mostramos que essa distinção tem ramificações importantes sobre como as constituições são redigidas e ratificadas e como elas operam. Uma implicação central é que a legitimidade das constituições que tornam os fracos reivindicações de representação – por exemplo, constituições que são impostas por potências estrangeiras – ainda pode ser defendida com base na razão.
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